MAKE A PUZZLE:
Isabel II was exiled to France. With no monarch, another Constitution was signed in 1869. General Prim looked for a new monarch: Amadeo I de Saboya (from Italy). It was a very instable period (Cuban revolution, rebellions in the Basque and Catalonian region…). He returned to Italy in 1873, after General Prim was assassinated. First Republic In 1873 Spain became a republic (a form of government with no monarch). The instability continued, with four different presidents in one year. In 1874 General Manuel Pavia mounted a coup d’état that led to the end of the republic. Restoration General Martínez Campos restored the monarchy: Alfonso XII became in 1875 the new king of Spain as a constitutional monarch (Constitution of 1876). There were two political parties (Liberals and Conservatives) taking turns to hold power (turno pacífico). There were electoral frauds. It was a stable time of economic prosperity and modernisation. Alfonso XII died very early. His wife María Cristina ruled as regent until their son, Alfonso XIII was sixteen. During the regency Spain lost the last colonies in 1898 and there were heavy defeats in Morocco. Dictatorship Primo de Rivera organised a coup, and became a dictator in 1923. Alfonso XIII supported him. The new leader wasn’t very good and Spain went bankrupt. In 1930 the army stopped supporting him and Alfonso XIII forced him to resign. Second Republic People didn’t trust Alfonso XIII anymore and the republicans won the elections in 1931. The second republic was declared according to the Constitution of 1931: freedom of speech, vote to women, legal divorce, no special legal status of nobility, limited powers of the church. In consequence, many groups opposed to it. The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) Spain was divided into two sides: the Republicans (supporters of the republic) and the Nationalists (supporters of General Franco). In July 1936, General Francisco Franco led a military takeover of the Republic and the Civil War began. It ended in April 1939 with a Nationalist victory. Franco’s dictatorship General Franco established a dictatorship which lasted until his death in 1975:
General Franco declared Spain a monarchy and chose Alfonso XIII’s grandson as successor (Juan Carlos I). The transition to democracy began in 1975, when General Franco died. Juan Carlos I, with Adolfo Suárez as Prime Minister, began a political reform: release of political prisoners, the right to strike and form unions, a new electoral law... In 1978 the Spanish Constitution was approved by the parliament and then by the people in a referendum. ![]()
Modern SpainThe Industrial Revolution started in Britain in 1760 with the steam engine and spread across Europe during the first part of the 19th century. People from rural areas came to the cities to work at factories. The French Revolution in 1789 brought ideas of liberalism and equality. It meant the end of absolutism (unlimited powers for the king) in France.
IN SPAIN The Spanish Prime Minister signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau with Napoleon Bonaparte. France used it to invade Spain. Carlos IV, monarch of Spain since 1788, abdicated in favor to his son Fernando in 1808, after the Mutiny of Aranjuez. But Napoleon forced Fernando to abdicate in Joseph Bonaparte. The French invasion caused an uprising in Madrid on the 2nd of May 1808, and the war of Independence began. In 1812 the first Constitution was signed in Cadiz, the only place that was not under French rule. We defeated the French with the help of the British in 1814. Fernando VII came to the throne, with an absolute monarchy. Fernando chose his eldest daughter Isabel to be the queen, instead of his brother Carlos. Fernando died when Isabel was 3 years old, so her mother Mª Cristina and General Espartero were her regents. There was a civil war (the Carlist Wars): -People in favour of the absolute monarchy who wanted Carlos to be the king. -Supporters of the regent and the queen. Isabel II’s reign was an instable parliamentary monarchy. Isabel was exiled. With no monarch, another Constitution was sign in 1869. SOCIAL CLASSES -Upper class: nobility + upper bourgeoisie (owners of factories) -Middle class: doctors, lawyers... -Working class: agricultural workers + factory workers. Low-paid, working long hours, dangerous conditions. They started organizing associations to demand improvements (the labour movement).
|
AuthorTeacher Belén Archives
June 2018
Categories |