Constant wars and the cost of maintaining a large empire had many consequences in Spain: DURING THE 17TH CENTURY... -A great economic crisis began because of the cost of the wars. In addition, pirates, often supported by France or England, attacked Spanish ships on their way back to Spain from America. -The population of Spain decreased during the 17th century. Many people died in wars. Famine, caused by poor harvests and plagues, also reduced the population. Many people emigrated to America to find a better life. In the meantime, the population of Moriscos was increasing in Spain, becoming powerful, so the decision was made to expel them from Spain. Many children were separated from their families, as their parents left Spain. - Golden Age: Baroque art ____________ -Social classes The Early Modern Age started in Spain with the discovery of America and finished in the late 18th century. During this time, social structure was hierarchical and very unfair. Social classes were based on status and wealth. It was very difficult to move up from one class to another. Society was divided between the privileged class and the unprivileged class. Privileged class • All power was held by the monarch. • Nobles and clergy were very influential and rich. They didn’t have to pay taxes and owned most of the land. Nobles and bishops lived in castles, in mansions or at the court. Monks and priests led simpler lives. Unprivileged class Most people belonged to the unprivileged class. • The middle class included bankers, merchants, craftspeople, lawyers and doctors. • The lower class was made up of poor people who worked all day for a very low salary. -Three Habsburg kings ruled. These kings allowed ministers (validos) to represent them and to control government administration. -Felipe III (1598 - 1621). Valido: the Duque de Lerma. Economic decline. Prosperous cities such as Segovia, Toledo and Sevilla started to undergo slow economic decline. The Thirty Years’ War started in 1618. -Felipe IV (1621 - 1665). Valido: the Conde-Duque de Olivares. In 1640, Portugal revolted. The Thirty Year’s War ended in 1648. -Carlos II (1665 - 1700). Portugal’s independence from the Spanish Empire in 1668. He couldn’t have any children. The Habsburg dynasty in Spain ended with him. URING THE 18TH CENTURY... The Spanish economy improved and the population increased, with many people moving to towns and cities. War for the Spanish throne: the French Bourbons and the Austrian Habsburgs → the Spanish War of Succession (1701 - 1714). The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht. Spain lost territories in the Netherlands and Italy, Gibraltar and Menorca. The Bourbon dynasty replaced the Habsburgs: -Felipe V (1700-1746) established an absolute monarchy = the monarch has unlimited power. -Carlos III did a lot to modernise Spain: a new sewage system, water system, street lighting and pavements. He created hospitals, museums and botanical gardens; monuments and fountains were built. It supported the development of industry, agriculture and trade. Cities became more hygienic and safer. -Carlos IV Goya was his court painter. The Enlightment A belief in human reason over religion and authority. The possibility of improvement through education and political involvement. Comments are closed.
|
AuthorTeacher Belén Archives
May 2017
Categories |